The Philippines is one of the many countries in Southeast Asia that have extensively pursued economic zone development. These zones have continuously evolved over time, with significant consequences.
Choosing to stop sourcing gold from conflict-affected and high-risk areas (CAHRAs) may be the easy option for refiners seeking to de-risk their supply chains, but it is not the responsible option.
The Special Economic Zone of Thilawa epitomizes the essence of Japan’s new ‘infrastructural means for strategic ends’ approach to ODA policy, inaugurated by Abe.
“Italy’s moves reflect a growing alignment with the United States and like-minded partners, while also acknowledging the need to reduce vulnerabilities created by excessive dependence on China in critical supply chains and technologies. Rather than a dramatic shift, Rome is pursuing a cautious recalibration: expanding its presence in the Indo-Pacific without framing it as a confrontational posture.”