Myanmar has long been a major supplier of live cattle to countries in the Greater Mekong subregion, including Yunnan Province in China, which has seen a sustained rise in income per capita but has relatively scarce grazing land. After a few months of fattening, some of Myanmar’s cattle had been re-exported to China via Thailand and Laos, but in recent years, with improvements in transportation and the reduced need for draft animals in farming households, China has started buying cattle directly from Myanmar.
Myanmar’s military coup on 1 February 2021 sent shock waves across the nation and through an economy that was already reeling from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although previously poised for tremendous growth, Myanmar’s economy now faces a double crisis: the pandemic and the coup. This paper investigates significant changes to the production level, working days and overtime hours, wages expenditure, and workforce since the military coup and later compounded by the third wave of COVID-19.
This paper reviews the education-related reforms that Myanmar’s nominally civilian government initiated in 2011. It specifically analyses whether the reforms paved the way for the implementation of mother tongue–based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) for all ethnic nationalities. The paper argues that the reforms fell short of allowing MTB-MLE for all ethnic nationalities, although it did permit the teaching of ethnic minority languages at public primary schools.
Our article gives an insight into the coup’s impact on Myanmar by focusing on the higher education sector. At this time of crisis, it draws on a set of qualitative data gathered through online interviews with students and university staff to produce an analysis of this extremely challenging chapter in the history of the country and its education system.
This paper will provide an overarching summary of the evolution of the drug economy in Myanmar before shifting the focus to examine how this phenomenon’s scope and characteristics have changed after the coup: Have the recent socio-political shifts exacerbated or weakened the already existing trends, and how?
