Current peacebuilding approaches focused on state-building and militarization have led to poor security outputs, neither addressing national tensions nor fighting ethnic narratives of conflict.
This article conducts a congruence testing of the main theoretical explanations for the use of PSCs on land against UK, Dutch and Italian vessel protection policies.
Gangs are in all respects one of the forms assumed by the growing clustering of the criminal industry, in a market of illegal goods and services that is becoming ever more complex and globalized, and completely immune to the cyclical downturn in demand.
In the early twenty-first century, as inter-state war appeared to decline in frequency, new forms and discourses of ‘war’ took prominence, epitomised by the ‘War on Terror’ and the ‘War on Drugs.’ For some critics, the use of the term ‘war’ in these contexts was deeply problematic.
“Chiaramente c’è un aspetto interessante che possiamo osservare da queste elezioni in Russia, perché hanno rappresentato un banco di prova del regime circa la sua capacità di controllare e orientare gli esiti di questo processo. Qualunque cosa fosse successo in Ucraina non avrebbe avuto nessuna conseguenza tangibile su quello che era questo passaggio elettorale.”