This paper examines contemporary Chinese political discourse on science popularisation and scientific literacy, taking recent official documents as its starting point. It begins by outlining the framework underpinning the analysis and providing a contextual overview of the importance ascribed to these dimensions in the People’s Republic of China. The paper then presents the main innovations introduced in the 2024 revision of the “Law on Science and Technology Popularisation”. Finally, the text of the revised Law, together with that of the “Outline of the Action Plan for Scientific Literacy (2021-2035)” and the “Opinions on Further Strengthening Science Popularization Work in the New Era” (2022) is examined from a linguistic and discourse-analytic perspective, with the aim of highlighting, through distinctive themes and keywords, how science popularisation is framed in language as well as conceptualized as an integral component of China’s national development agenda.