On 5 May 2025, LSE IDEAS, T.wai, and the University of Turin held a joint international symposium at the Luigi Einaudi Campus in Turin.
Titled “Decline or Disruption? The West and the Transformation of the International Order”, the symposium brought together scholars to examine long-standing and contemporary debates on Western decline, global disorder, and the evolving role of military power. Structured around three thematic panels—on the meaning of disorder, historical and political economy perspectives, and the transformation of force in an age of hybrid warfare—the discussions underscored a central message: decline is not destiny, and understanding the choices shaping the West’s future remains essential.
The project report summarising the panel discussions is produced within the LSE IDEAS Europe Initiative with the support of LSE IDEAS and T.wai.
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